The gray and black box in the picture is an
Inverter. It changes 12 volts to 120 volts. That may very well be the loose cable at the batteries. See if you can follow the Romex coming out the right side and see what outlets it powers. Most likely the fridge and/or TV outlets.
12 volts does not power the
Converter. 120 volts does and it is just a charger that runs your 12 volt system and charges your batteries.
It's obvious that this problem didn't "Just Happen" on the last trip because that cable didn't "Just Happen" to fall off.
Contact Thor with you Vin# and request a wiring schmatic.