Isolator failure allowed all batteries to drain?

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Mar 10, 2024
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Bought a lightly-used 2019 Thor Hurricane 29M from a dealer. Took one long-drive overnight trip, camped with no shore power and all 12V systems worked fine. Parked at home, connected to shore power briefly, and it was then unplugged for the last month. I went in and out a few times; step extended and lights worked, but didn’t go in during the last 2 weeks or so. Yesterday I went to give the generator its recommended monthly run, and *everything* was dead: both house batteries (new) and the chassis battery (2 years old). All reading about 5.9 volts. Plugged into shore power, microwave worked, 12V lights worked. Power at all batteries was still 5.9V. My smart charger tried to charge them but shut off and they drained back to a few volts in a few seconds; a shop’s charger indicated the chassis battery won’t hold a charge. I know that if batteries are left uncharged for a long time they can be ruined. I’ve bought all new batteries and I am topping off their charges but have not installed them yet.

1. I assume some appliance drained the house batteries by 2-3 weeks after parking. I’ll troubleshoot that after I install new batteries. I suspect the fridge or water heater is trying to light, because I heard a spark clicking while I was checking other things. The fridge was coming on after I turned it off, so maybe the Firefly central control was left in a state telling it to run. Any other common culprits you know of?


2. Draining the house batteries should not drain the chassis battery, so I suspect the isolator relay or the dashboard Emergency Start switch has failed. All 3 batteries read ~5.9 volts. After I removed the chassis battery, the house batteries read 4.x volts, which tells me they had been receiving power from the chassis battery, which *should not happen*. Does it sound like I’m on the right track? Is it common for the isolator to fail? I see a few notes about it on various forums. Now that I have the house batteries out of the way, I can reach it to remove it, but haven’t yet. There are a *lot* of wires going into (what I think is) the isolator, so I want to document them all before pulling it. Once I know the model, I can look for troubleshooting instructions. If the isolator failed some time ago, the batteries could have been not charging for a long time without me knowing.


3. I assume if I pull the isolator, I should still be able to use the house systems and the chassis systems independently while I look for what drained the bats from my batteries. Correct?


4. Thor manual says “Battery charging is accomplished by: Automatic charging through the converter or inverter (shore power or generator)"… (and other means). But looking at the converter, the only wires out I can see go to the 12V fuse block and to the Firefly unit. No fuse is labeled as going to the batteries. So I don’t see a route for the converter to charge the house batteries. The Thor schematics are not all accurate, but the one for the battery compartment seems to pretty well match reality. There is one small orange wire going to a house battery positive terminal that is not on the schematic, and I don’t know where it goes, but I would expect a charging wire to be much bigger. When I plugged into shore power, the house batteries read 5.9V, not the 13+ I would expect to see if it was being charged. Maybe there is a route from converter to batteries that goes through the isolator (as the manual states), and the isolator failed in a way that also cut off the ability to charge - has anyone seen this?


5. Thor manual also says “When connected to a 120VAC power source, the converter (or the inverter) will trickle charge the house, and in some installations, the chassis battery.” In the battery compartment I saw the big wire that goes to the inverter, but assumed it was for power *from* the battery *to* the inverter for appliance use… but since I don’t see a diode, maybe the inverter also charges through that same wire? If so it must be able to do that in the “off” state. That wire does *not* go through the isolator. When I was troubleshooting the inverter looked idle, no LEDs lit or fan running, so I assumed it was not involved in charging. When plugged into shore power, the Firefly showed the house batteries at 13.x volts (as if they were being charged), and showed the chassis battery at 5.x volts.


6. With all batteries removed, plugging into shore power has no effect, I imagine because all circuits are open, i.e. no negative battery connection completes the circuit. Do people who stay in one place for a long time ever run strictly on shore power (with no batteries), and if so is it necessary to connect the battery wires in some way to allow the converter to function?

Thanks in advance!
 
You may have an inverter which is NOT turned off when you turn off the Master Power switch (USE/STORE switch) which operates the house battery bank disconnect - which needs to be OPEN (in OFF/STORE) when storing the RV without SP connected.

The converter should supply all DC loads even if the house batteries are removed.

There is no fuse for the battery bank on the Power Center. There is a 50 amp DC breaker near the house batteries.

The "battery isolator" is supposed to isolate the house battery bank from the chassis battery when no charging is taking place. BUT if you have a BIM, Thor is notorious for wiring those incorrectly causing the chassis battery to be drawn down with the house batteries. Judge has a good write-up about checking and fixing this issue.

Below is a simplified electrical diagram for Thor Class A gas MHs:

attachment.php
 
Thanks for the direction. I found Judge's post and others on the topic, and found the BIM160 document. Mine was indeed installed backward. (The wires weren't marked, but the voltage showed which was which.) After reversing them and installing all new batteries, everything is working as expected, as far as I can test initially.

- The chassis battery and the house battery pair are showing different voltages, meaning they are isolated instead of cross-charging.
- Running the engine only charges the chassis battery (for now).
- Shore power charges the house batteries and only them (for now).
- Generator charges the house batteries and only them (for now).

The inverter now has a green light when plugged into shore power, so I assume it's doing the charging, not the converter.

After one of the batteries drops below the BIM's threshold, I'll test whether cross-charging works as expected.

I may still have something causing a drain, which I'll check after monitoring the battery voltages daily.

Posting the link to Judge's post since it was not obvious: https://www.thorforums.com/forums/f27/magnitude-four-battery-upgrade-21327.html

Posting the BIM160 document link here for others' convenience: https://www.precisioncircuitsinc.co...0041-2xx-Battery-Isolation-Manager-Rev7-1.pdf
 
The inverter now has a green light when plugged into shore power, so I assume it's doing the charging, not the converter.
I have the '18 29M. Unless a different inverter was installed than mine (Xantrex Pro 1000 or 1800), the inverter does not do any charging. Only the converter does while on shore power or genny or from the main engine if the BIM switches and combines the two systems.


Be aware that the USE/STORE switch has no effect on the inverter and also that the inverter will suck power from the coach batteries as long as it is allowed to be turned on. Do turn it off if you're not going to be on SP or using the AGS for more than a day or two.
 
Mine are completely different: Converter is WFCO WF-9855 (55 amp) and Inverter is WFCO WF-5110R (1000 watt). Maybe my 29M has the 50 amp option and yours has the 30 amp option?
 
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Mine are completely different: Converter is WFCO WF-9855 (55 amp) and Inverter is WFCO WF-5110R (1000 watt). Maybe my 29M has the 50 amp option and yours has the 30 amp option?

I cannot see any *separate* wires that go from the converter or the inverter back to the batteries, so I assume whatever is doing the charging is pumping power *back* down the same big wire that they *get* their power from when they are doing their regular (non-charging) job. I could disconnect one at a time and see which one supplies 13.x volts back to the batteries when on shore power, but I don't want to disconnect more stuff at this time.

Your inverter is just that - an inverter. It is connected directly to the house battery bank with its own cables through a large fuse on the positive lead. It is turned on and off discretely either on the inverter itself or on a remote panel or both. It is NOT a charger.

Your converter/charger is what charges the house batteries if the battery disconnect is closed. It uses the same path that the house batteries use to power the house DC buss and loads.

30/50 amp AC has nothing to do with this part of your electrical system.
 
Today I tested charging from alternator to house batteries through the corrected BIM160 connections, and it worked as expected.

- I left the house Master Power switch on overnight, so the Firefly central control and anything else could draw the house batteries down a bit.
- This afternoon they were down to about 12.5v (on my voltmeter directly connected to the first battery).
- I started the engine and the reading went up to 13.x, indicating the BIM was allowing the alternator to charge the house. After less than 10 minutes the house battery reading was up to 14.0v so I stopped the engine.
- The house batteries then read 12.8 or 12.9v, slowly dropping. That's higher than the 12.6v that I have heard is the BIM's threshold.
- I started the engine again and the reading stayed in the high 12.x range, indicating the BIM was *not* allowing the alternator to charge the house. That's the expected behavior.

So it looks like it is behaving correctly now. I'll leave the Master Power switch off and continue to measure the house battery voltage directly daily and see if there is any drain I need to resolve. That will also give me a baseline to judge how often I need to use shore power / alternator / generator to top them off when stored.

Many thanks to those who have researched these issues in the past and those who quickly pointed me to the solution! :)
 
Your inverter is just that - an inverter. It is connected directly to the house battery bank with its own cables through a large fuse on the positive lead. It is turned on and off discretely either on the inverter itself or on a remote panel or both. It is NOT a charger.

Your converter/charger is what charges the house batteries if the battery disconnect is closed. It uses the same path that the house batteries use to power the house DC buss and loads.

30/50 amp AC has nothing to do with this part of your electrical system.
The Thor manual was vague, stating that either the Inverter or Converter might do the charging, depending on the model.

Now that I got the model numbers of the devices, I see from WFCO's web site that the WF-5110R is described as an Inverter and has no mention of charging. The WD-9855 is described as "Three-Stage Converter Charger".

Now that I have connected my BIM160 correctly, all seems to be working as expected.

Thanks!
 
Your inverter is just that - an inverter. It is connected directly to the house battery bank with its own cables through a large fuse on the positive lead. It is turned on and off discretely either on the inverter itself or on a remote panel or both. It is NOT a charger.

Your converter/charger is what charges the house batteries if the battery disconnect is closed. It uses the same path that the house batteries use to power the house DC buss and loads.

30/50 amp AC has nothing to do with this part of your electrical system.
The only reason I mentioned 30/50 amp was that another person PS89 seems to have a different inverter in his 2018 29M. Mine is listed as a 2019, though the F53 VIN is a 2018. So maybe they changed inverters that year... or it's a different option... whatever.
 
The only reason I mentioned 30/50 amp was that another person PS89 seems to have a different inverter in his 2018 29M. Mine is listed as a 2019, though the F53 VIN is a 2018. So maybe they changed inverters that year... or it's a different option... whatever.

Cheapest supplier contract.
Thor "manuals" are way too generic trying to cover all Class A and all Class Cs in one document - worthless to a specific RV.

In most cases MHs with two factory installed 13.5K or 15K BTU A/Cs are 50 amp units. MHs with a single A/C is 30 amps, BUT some newer dual 11K BTU units may also be 30 amps.

The inverter size depends on what it's powering: Just an outdoor kitchen fridge and TVs = 1000 watts. Residential fridge and TVs = 1800 or 2000 watts.
 
I suspect Thor used whatever inverter was available. They're more or less interchangeable (up to a point).

I do know that my 29M's inverters are not original. The selling dealer told me that they'd put in the 1800 watt unit over the 1000 watt unit that was in there previously. As I'm the 3rd (known) owner, no way of telling what transpired during the six plus years since it left the factory and when I bought it about 10 weeks ago.

Glad everything is working now....

I cannot see any *separate* wires that go from the converter or the inverter back to the batteries,
Check that 100A breaker all the way back on the right as you look into the battery compartment. That's the one that runs the primary inverter. The converter is connected to the battery bank via the latching relay (KIB unit, not a Trombetta branded unit although it does the same thing) located near the power panel under the bed via the 50A breaker in the battery compartment.

Been mapping out the electrical circuits following the rather vague diagrams Thor provided. Getting familiar with the layout, as it is.


Yeah, mine is a 30A unit but, as Ted noted, that has nothing to do with this part of the circuitry.
 
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I ripped all of Thor's crap out!

Power from heaven!
 

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My Thor Tuscany 40ex did the same thing numerous times, I replaced the trombetta with a new one twice and also took mh to lazy days Rv in Elkhart ind, who also replaced the the trombetta, all of those lasted about a week before they burned out internally, those trombetta are rated at 200 amp continuous duty, I replaced mine with a 500 amp continuity about 3 yrs ago and haven’t had any problems since.
 

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The OP's problem was not a failed latching relay, it was the BIM that wasn't operating properly.


No need to confuse the current thread's issue with a different problem.
 
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Battery Isolator recall

There was a recall for the Battery Isolator relay in late 2020. Thor replaced mine on my 2020 built in late 2019. The relay is under the hood installed by Thor. When the RV is running you can hear the relay switch very shortly after the engine is started by the metallic click sound from under the dash/firewall. If that relay is bad it may not be keeping the living area 12 volt power from drawing on the engine battery.
 

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